,

HTML Smuggling

Detecteam

TLP

TLP CLEAR

Author

David Deflache, Sebastien Tricaud

Summary

In early November 2022, a targeted intrusion began via email, delivering an HTML file utilizing HTML smuggling. Previously relying on Excel macros, the threat actor adapted to Microsoft’s macro control updates. Upon opening the HTML, a disguised Adobe page prompted a ZIP download with a password-protected ISO harboring the malware. The LNK file, posing as a document, triggered rundll32 and a malicious DLL execution. IcedID connected to its command server, maintaining persistence through scheduled tasks. Subsequent phases involved Cobalt Strike, lateral movement, Active Directory reconnaissance, and SessionGopher tool usage. The orchestrated attack culminated in deploying Nokoyawa ransomware, achieving a Time to Ransomware (TTR) of just over 12 hours

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windows_sysmon.xmlDownload

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ransomware

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T1003.001 – LSASS Memory T1005 – Data from Local Syste T1012 – Query Registry T1016 – System Network Configuration Discovery T1018 – Remote System Discovery T1021.001 – Remote Desktop Protocol T1021.002 – SMB/Windows Admin Shares T1021.004 – SSH T1027 – Obfuscated Files or Information T1033 – System Owner/User Discovery T1036.005 – Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location T1041 – Exfiltration Over C2 Channel T1047 – Windows Management Instrumentation T1053.005 – Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task T1055 – Process Injection T1057 – Process Discovery T1059 – Command Line Interface T1059.001 – Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell T1059.003 – Windows Command Shell T1069 – Permission Groups Discovery T1069.001 – Local Groups T1069.002 – Domain Groups T1070.004 – File Deletion T1071 – Application Layer Protocol T1071.001 – Web Protocols T1078 – Valid Accounts T1082 – System Information Discovery T1083 – File and Directory Discovery T1087.002 – Domain Account T1105 – Ingress Tool Transfer T1110.001 – Brute Force: Password Guessing T1112 – Modify Registry T1140 – Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information T1190 – Exploit Public-Facing Application T1204.002 – User Execution: Malicious File T1210 – Exploitation of Remote Services T1218.011 – System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32 T1219 – Remote Access Software T1482 – Domain Trust Discovery T1486 – Data Encrypted for Impact T1490 – Inhibit System Recovery T1518.001 – Security Software Discovery T1543.003 – Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service T1566.001 – Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment T1574.002 – DLL Side-Loading

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